When you think of bowel cancer, you may imagine it affecting older adults. But the reality is changing—bowel cancer is increasingly being diagnosed in younger Australians, including those in their 20s and 30s1. Despite common misconceptions, you are never too young to get bowel cancer.
As we approach Bowel Cancer Awareness Month this June, Qualitas Medical Practice is shedding light on this rising health issue, urging Australians—regardless of age—to know the signs, understand the risks, and take proactive steps towards early detection and prevention.
Alarming Rise in Young-Onset Bowel Cancer in Australia
According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, colorectal cancer is the 4th most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia. In 2024, colorectal cancer is estimated to be the leading cause of cancer death among men aged under 50 (estimated 164 deaths) and the second leading cause of cancer death in women aged under 50 (estimated 153 deaths for colorectal cancer following an estimated 266 deaths for breast cancer)2.
While incidence rates have slightly declined in older age groups due to screening programs, the opposite trend is being observed in young people.
Here are the facts you should know 1,3 (source: Bowel Cancer Australia and RACGP):
- Bowel cancer is the deadliest cancer for Australians aged 25-44.
- The risk of being diagnosed with bowel cancer before the age of 40 has more than doubled since the year 2000.
- Over the past three decades, there has been a 266% increase in bowel cancer incidence rates in adolescents and young adults (15-24 years).
- People born in 1990 onwards have double the risk of colon cancer and quadruple the risk of rectal cancer compared to people born in 1950.
Why Is Bowel Cancer Rising in Young Adults?
There’s still much to learn about why bowel cancer is becoming more common among younger Australians. Researchers are investigating several possible causes, including4:
Lifestyle factors: Diets high in processed meats and low in fibre, sedentary habits, alcohol consumption, and obesity are all linked to increased risk.
Genetics and family history: Some people may inherit a predisposition to bowel cancer, especially conditions like Lynch syndrome.
Gut microbiome imbalances and accelerated biological ageing: Emerging research suggests that the cells of some younger individuals may age more quickly, making them vulnerable to early-onset cancer.
Common Symptoms of Bowel Cancer
Whether you’re 25 or 65, it’s vital to know the symptoms. Bowel cancer can often develop without obvious signs, but here are some red flags to watch out for:
- Persistent change in bowel habits (diarrhoea or constipation)
- Blood in the stool or rectal bleeding
- Unexplained weight loss
- Abdominal pain, cramping, or bloating
- Fatigue or weakness
- A feeling that the bowel doesn’t empty completely
Potential Warning Signs of Colorectal Cancer in Younger Adults
Emerging research has highlighted four important symptoms that may help prompt earlier medical investigation and diagnosis of young-onset bowel cancer5. A large-scale study analysed health data from thousands of individuals diagnosed with bowel cancer before age 50, comparing them to those without the disease.
The findings revealed that four symptoms were significantly more common in individuals who were later diagnosed with bowel cancer5:
- Ongoing abdominal pain
- Bleeding from the rectum
- Frequent or persistent diarrhoea
- Iron deficiency anaemia
Even the presence of just one of these symptoms was linked to a nearly doubled risk of being diagnosed with early-onset bowel cancer. When three or more of these signs appeared together, the likelihood of having the disease rose by over six times compared to those who had none of the symptoms.
This research reinforces a vital message: regardless of your age, it’s crucial to discuss these symptoms with your GP as early detection can lead to more effective treatment and better outcomes.
Breaking the Myths: “You’re Too Young for Bowel Cancer”
Many young patients report that their symptoms were initially dismissed or misdiagnosed because of their age. The phrase “You’re too young to have bowel cancer” has tragically delayed diagnosis for some.
At Qualitas Medical Practice, we want to break this harmful myth. If something doesn’t feel right, we encourage you to trust your instincts and advocate for further investigation. Early diagnosis can save lives.
Screening Now Starts at Age 45—But You Might Need It Even Sooner
Australia’s National Bowel Cancer Screening Program has played a key role in detecting bowel cancer early, particularly in older adults. Since 2020, eligible Australians aged 50 to 74 have received a free home test kit every two years, allowing them to collect a stool sample and return it by mail for analysis.
However, recognising the rising cases of early-onset bowel cancer, the government has lowered the starting age to 45 as of July 2024. Now, those aged 45 to 49 can opt in to receive the free test kit, while people 50 and over continue to be automatically enrolled6.
This change is an important step, but it’s also a reminder: screening isn’t just for older Australians anymore. If you’re under 45 and experiencing symptoms or have a family history of bowel cancer, you should still talk to your GP. In some cases, earlier testing or a colonoscopy may be appropriate.
Don’t wait for a kit—your health can’t wait.
What you can do:
- Know your family history: If bowel cancer runs in your family, you may need screening earlier.
- Talk to your doctor: Discuss your symptoms and risk factors. A simple Faecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) or a colonoscopy may be recommended.
- Monitor your health: Don’t ignore persistent digestive changes or unusual symptoms.
Prevention Tips for Everyone, Regardless of Age
While not all cases are preventable, you can reduce your risk by adopting healthy habits:
- Eat a high-fibre diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
- Reduce intake of red and processed meats
- Exercise regularly
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Limit alcohol and quit smoking
- Get regular health check-ups and screening if at risk
How Qualitas Medical Practice Can Help
At Qualitas Medical Practice, our GPs are committed to raising awareness, providing early diagnosis, and supporting patients through every stage of bowel health.
If you’re experiencing unusual symptoms or have a family history of bowel cancer, don’t wait—book an appointment with your GP today.
References:
[1]. Bowel Cancer Australia, https://www.bowelcanceraustralia.org/bowel-cancer/early-onset
[2]. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Cancer data in Australia 2024, https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/cancer/cancer-data-in-australia/contents/cancer-data-commentaries/an-overview-of-colorectal-cancer-in-australia
[3]. RACGP Guidelines for preventive activities in general practice 2024, https://www.racgp.org.au/clinical-resources/clinical-guidelines/key-racgp-guidelines/view-all-racgp-guidelines/preventive-activities-in-general-practice/cancer/colorectal-cancer
[4]. Dr Cori Behrenbruch, Colorectal Surgeon, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Why is bowel cancer in young Australians increasing? 2024, https://vcccalliancelearn.org.au/why-bowel-cancer-young-australians-increasing
[5]. Elena M Stoffel, Caitlin C Murphy, Epidemiology and Mechanisms of the Increasing Incidence of Colon and Rectal Cancers in Young Adults, Published in final edited form as: Gastroenterology. 2019 Aug 5;158(2):341–353. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.07.055.
[6]. Australian Government Department of Health, Disability and Ageing, National Bowel Cancer Screening Program, https://www.health.gov.au/our-work/national-bowel-cancer-screening-program
